Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation2717-40342420210801Changes in morphological and biochemical properties of Celtis caucasica L. mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated under drought stress condition14215513892310.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.01ENDelnia SepahvandDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-3779-5364Mohammad MatinizadehDepartment of Forest, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, AREEO, Tehran, IranVahid EtemadDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranAnoshirvan ShirvanyDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranJournal Article20210430Zagros forest in west of Iran have been destroying recently due to climate changes, dust, pests, local people using, grazing livestock and used more than ecosystem capacity. Accordingly these regions need to be recovering by reforestation resistance seedlings. For this purpose, influence of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) included; Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae as exotic fungi and two native, Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, as well as non-mycorrhizal(control) investigate to produced resistance seedling of Celtis caucasica L. under three water regimes (optimal irrigation, 75 % of field capacity and water deficit, 50% and 25 % of field capacity) as factorial in a completely randomized design with ten replications. Mycorrhizal seedlings especial natives one, reveals that AMF significantly raised morphological and physiological traits sach as the fresh and dry weight of above and underground biomass, the length of the root, seedling height, colonization percentage, H2O2 and MDA content, CAT, SOD, POD activity, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. The concentration of H2O2 and MDA in inoculated plants was less than non-mycorrhizal plants under all irrigation regimes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously increased with increasing drought stress, application of AMF caused a further increase in activity of them. The content of chlorophyll a, b, total chl, and carotenoid decreased with increasing water deficit. In AMF treatments, the content of these pigments was more in respect to control (non- mycorrhizal plants). Generally, we suggest that the effect of native mycorrhizal fungi was more and better than the exotic fungi and control. Thus, identifying the symbiosis between native mycorrhizal fungi and trees could be considered as an eminent step towards the restoration of degraded areas of plantations and forests.http://www.cas-press.com/article_138923_ce093ba6a4dad456f2893143d6063f33.pdfCentral Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation2717-40342420210801Utilization of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) to produce organic rain-fed watermelon to promote the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in arid and semi-arid regions15616313880210.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.02ENMohammad Reza Zargaran KhouzaniDepartment of Agrotechnology, Majoring in Ecological Plants of Khuzestan University of Agricultural, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-7947-2240Journal Article20210601Iran, due to its special geographical location in arid and semi-arid regions, has particular plants and weeds that in general, may be considered worthless and harmful plants. Camelthorn is known as one of these plants. The use of camelthorn to produce an organic rainfed watermelon had been common for many years in some provinces of the country, including Khuzestan, Fars, Yazd, Isfahan and Khorasan. But it has been gradually forgotten due to the introduction of easy access and low price chemical fertilizers and the implementation of government policies to guide local people to plant special crops. In this method, first, an appropriate diameter camelthorn bush is selected, then by scratching a certain part of the stem, watermelon seeds are placed in it; under these conditions, watermelon seeds provide water and other nutrients from the host plant which has deep roots. The results show that the obtained product by the above method has high quality, and despite the perception of some local people, who expected a salty taste for this product, it is sweet and it has medicinal properties. Thus, in the desert, an agricultural product that contains 92% of water can be produced just by using the valuable experiences of the past. Perhaps it is time to make our contribution to the prosperity of sustainable agriculture by using sustainable and healthy techniques and inputs, in the time that the major agricultural products are contaminated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The knowledge of the predecessors can increase productivity and create a sustainable environment for organic products with high nutritional and economical value and it can be used to improve the living conditions of local people.http://www.cas-press.com/article_138802_d3ef3377b939369a2031766d5309cdc7.pdfCentral Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation2717-40342420210801Estimating the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation and individual travel cost methods (Case Study: Kahman forest area, Iran)16417413906510.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.03ENNeda AmiriDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, IranSoleiman Mohammadi LimaeiDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, IranDepartment of Economics, Geography, Law and Tourism, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden0000-0001-6379-6120Journal Article20210704This paper aims to estimate the recreational value of a forest area using contingent valuation and individual travel cost methods. Questionnaires were used for collecting the required data. The logit model was used to investigate the effect of explanatory variables on individuals’ willingness to pay in the contingent valuation method. Furthermore, the values of the parameters in the contingent valuation method were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The linear regression model was applied to study the effects of explanatory variables on the number of trips in the individual travel cost method. In addition, the parameters' values in the individual travel cost method were estimated based on the ordinary least squares method. Results of contingent valuation method indicated that the mean value of willingness to pay for recreational value in the study area was 19,983 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value was 1,807,415 IRR/ha. Furthermore, the results of individual travel cost method showed that the consumer surplus was 322,004 IRR per visit and the annual recreational value of 43,200 people who annually visit the area was 104,912,695 IRR/ha. The results of this study can help policymakers to enhance the quality of recreational sites according to the willingness to pay for ecosystem services.http://www.cas-press.com/article_139065_79c68b9fcc46f6ebb8ec7553eda909b2.pdfCentral Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation2717-40342420210801Environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D on this malignancy17518313900810.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.04ENMuhammed Furkan ErcisliBasaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Health Science, Istanbul, TurkeyDanial KahriziNanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-1717-6075Zahra AziziaramResearch and Development Department, Giga Biotics, San Diego, California, USAJournal Article20210723The term cancer is derived from the Greek word crab. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates likened diffuse cancer to a crab. Although our understanding of the disease has improved since then, this explanation still seems appropriate. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women after lung cancer. The disease is affected by factors such as the genetic structure of hormonal profiles and different lifestyles. Geographical status, living status, age of marriage, obesity, and nutritional factors are among the environmental factors predisposing to breast cancer. Among dietary supplements, the protective effect of vitamin D on breast cancer has been confirmed. The inverse relationship between sun exposure and breast cancer mortality has been proven. The direct link between decreased serum vitamin D and an increased risk of breast cancer has also been confirmed. In some breast cancer cells, the active form of vitamin D increases the expression of adhesion molecules, which prevents cancer from invasion and metastasis. In addition, this active form has anti-angiogenic activity and can inhibit cancer cell invasion. In this review, we narrate the environmental factors affecting the risk of breast cancer and the modulating role of vitamin D in this malignancy.http://www.cas-press.com/article_139008_29818afd72ecfdd20563d4f96e4b21be.pdf