Calculation of the biophysical parameters of vegetation in an arid area of south-eastern Kazakhstan using the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI)
Dmitry
Malakhov
JSC, NAtional Center for Space Research and Technology
author
Natalia
Tsychuyeva
National Center for Space Research and Technology
author
text
article
2020
eng
A comparative analysis was carried out of the accuracy of vegetation indices and NDMI (narrowband index of water concentration in green biomass) based on Landsat 8 data. The paper describes the peculiarities and the effectiveness of different spectral indices in recognizing sparse desert vegetation and calculating the basic biophysical parameters of vegetation. The theoretical and technical limitations and advantages of different approaches and the application of vegetation indices to different types of vegetation cover are discussed. The original narrow-band water content in the green biomass broadband index was calculated from Landsat-8 data. NDMI was comparatively tested with a number of vegetation indices, based on red and near-infrared bands of satellite imagery. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were considered, calculated for three basic vegetation biophysical parameters and spectral indices. The transformed NDMI demonstrates a higher correlation with all the basic biophysical variables of vegetation (grasscover, biomass, productivity) compared to NIR-RED-based vegetation indices for the intrazonal vegetation of the desert and semi-desert territory of Kazakhstan. NDMI appears to be a promising approach in studies based on the remote detection of non-homogenous vegetation cover in arid areas.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
189
198
http://www.cas-press.com/article_111218_a86df082e138c2a22956ead076f5b11c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.01
Pilot plant investigation on the start-up of a UASB reactor using sugar mill effluent
Arshad
Ali
Faculty Members, National University Sciences and Technology (MCE-NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
author
Mazhar
Iqbal
Faculty Members, National University Sciences and Technology (MCE-NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
author
Kiran
K.Khattak
Research Student, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
author
text
article
2020
eng
The treatment technologies, such as the anaerobic digestion process, have been used in many developing countries that should not only reduce the pollution load but could also be able to assist in solving the energy problems (biogas production). With respect to several sugary mills in Pakistan with discharging organic-rich wastes without any proper treatment, this study evaluated the start-up of the UASB reactor using actual sugar mill effluent at constant pH and temperature. The results showed at an organic loading rate of 2.1 kgCOD/m3/day and a hydraulic retention time of 16 h, more than 70% of COD could be reduced. It also showed that in terms of COD decreasing, the longer retention time appeared to be more encouraging and vice-versa. The average VFAs and biogas generation was measured 340 mg/L and 0.30 L/gCOD/day, respectively (58-59% composition of methane was found there). According to the results, to reduce the pollution load of sugar mills outflow, the use of the UASB reactor at neutral pH and mesophilic range of temperature is a quite achievable and viable option.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
199
205
http://www.cas-press.com/article_118120_b9d60fafbce9af5d7c8df7db999a670d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.02
Edaphic correlates of tree species diversity, composition, and distribution in an eastern arc biodiversity hotspot, Tanzania
Alfred
Kahanju Chitiki
Department of Ecosystems and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
author
text
article
2020
eng
This study explored the edaphic correlates of tree species diversity, composition and distribution in the Amani Nature Reserve (ANR) and Udzungwa Mountains (UMF). Using canonical correspondence analysis, different ecological gradients explained plant community patterns. In ANR, species richness decreased significantly with pH (r = -0.383, p = 0.03; r = -0.422, p = 0.016) at 0-15 cm and 30-45 cm depth respectively and percentage coarse silt at 30 cm (r = -0.416, p = 0.018). Further, species richness and diversity increased along a gradient of percentage organic carbon (r = 0.35 and r = 0.22) respectively and decreased with bulk density (r = -0.24 and -0.29 at 15 and 30 cm respectively) in UMF. There was pronounced variation in edaphic correlates of tree community patterns between sites. Soil pH was the strongest edaphic correlate of species composition and distribution in ANR while percentage organic carbon was a strong edaphic correlate in UMF. Stronger effects by soil pH indicate the influence of soil chemical properties in the study sites. Variation in the influence of edaphic correlates to tree community patterns between the two sites suggests a need for site-specific assessment of edaphic properties.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
206
218
http://www.cas-press.com/article_111290_f0ae53d3d88c50d4bb7442e8a046be25.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.03
Assessment of biological parameters in tomato cultivars irrigated with fertilizer factory wastes
Gopal
Dixit
Department of Botany, Upadhi PG College (MJP Rohilkhand University), Pilibhit 262001, India
author
text
article
2020
eng
In the present evaluative study, an effort has been made to assess different biological parameters like seed germination and growth of plants, etc. in three varieties of tomato. Fertilizer factory liquid wastes contain nitrogenous and ammonical substances which showed a promotional impact on percent seed germination and growth parameters due to these nutritional supplements present in it. The incremental effects have been recorded up to the extent of lower dilutions of fertilizer wastes. Lower concentration of waste (i.e.25%) found to be growth-promoting while rest higher concentrations of fertilizer wastes showed a decrement impact on growth parameters. Growth of tomato plants such as length of root and shoot under different effluent concentrations viz. 25, 50, 75, and 100% shows significant variation over the control. The results clearly show that with the increase of dilution of effluent, percent germination and growth parameters also changes. This may be due to the accumulation of certain solid and dissolved solids in plants that have a negative correlation with growth response in tomato varieties studied.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
219
225
http://www.cas-press.com/article_118124_a2a77d55313d36b4f25e2e751a791586.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.04
Ecosystem destruction and disaster risk incubation- A case of wetland loss and flood disasters in Makurdi town of Nigeria
Stephen
Hemba
Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; University Road, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
author
Wali
Elekwachi
Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka; University Road, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
author
Hycienth Ogunka
Nwankwoala
Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt
author
Emelu
Victoria
Center for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, University of Port-Harcourt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Disaster risk is incubated through series of events that shape and reshape hazards and vulnerability. The gradual destruction of a diversity of ecosystems leading to the depletion of ecosystem services is an incubation period for many disasters as the case of Makurdi wetlands and flood disasters. Makurdi wetlands have been destroyed with only a few remaining according to a recent thirty-year study. This suggests the loss of very important ecosystem services that they provide including defense against surging flood waters. In the corresponding period, increased flood disaster incidences have been reported in Makurdi with a corresponding increase in size and intensity of devastating impact on the populations. Surprisingly surveys carried out in Makurdi on the causes of flood demonstrate a very limited knowledge on the significance of wetlands in the management of flood disasters. The ability of ecosystems to continue to provide ecosystem services require deliberate management action through sustainable practices, knowledge and attitudes of people who live near or within such ecosystems and who draw such services there from. This paper reviews and points to the risk incubation effect of long period of continuous wetland destruction in Makurdi. It draws scientific interest to the conservation of Makurdi wetlands and answer questions on the importance of wetlands in flood disasters prevention, management and recovery in Makurdi. It suggests improved wetland management practices and supports the conservation of the remaining Makurdi wetlands.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
226
236
http://www.cas-press.com/article_111248_00939a81667a3090e53e4ed841906166.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.05
Current practices and futuristic options in plastic waste management in Pakistan
Saba
Ahmed
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
author
Qaisar
Mahmood
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
author
Noor
Elahi
Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
author
Bahadar
Nawab
Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
author
text
article
2020
eng
Plastic use is an integral part of any society. The durability of plastics and their potential for diverse applications, including widespread use as disposable item are profound so as the plastic waste management problems and these factors contribute to Plastic Waste (PW) growth in Pakistan The objective of this research was to determine the stakeholders’ action/behavior that have a role in the waste management process and to analyze influential factors on the system This research determines current understanding and concerns about plastic waste management and trends surrounding the use of plastics and look to future priorities, challenges and opportunities. The data were collected from scientific literature, existing data bases, observations made during visits to selected areas, structured interviews with relevant professionals, exercises provided to participants in workshops and a questionnaire applied to stakeholders. Reliable national data on waste generation and composition that will inform effective planning on waste management in Abbottabad is absent. To obtain data on a regional basis on waste generation, physical composition of waste, sorting and separation efficiency was done besides per capita of waste generation in selected households in each region. PW quantification by weight was done on selected waste points in selected dumpsite in District Abbottabad. PW generation in peri-urban areas was 0.000102 t/person/day while in case of urban area it was 0.0704 t/year PW was generated. On the whole, 59920.506t/year PW was produced by 1.5 million persons in Abbottabad annually.
Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation
Central Asian Scientific Press (CAS-Press)
2717-4034
1
v.
4
no.
2020
237
244
http://www.cas-press.com/article_117938_0f2824faacde0a9f04be1b7be97a5a88.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.04.06