ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Techno-economic assessment model of screening step of agricultural wastes recycling to animal feed project
Agricultural wastes seem to be a valuable resource of revenue for nations and serious wastage of resources by refusing and ending up in the environment. Nowadays, lots of nations encouraged to implement industries for managing and recycling waste materials and generate animal feed. According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plan set by ruling organizations, industrial projects must be undergone the required assessment. The present study took the opportunity to offer an economic assessment model for the following aims of EIA in parallel with the sustainability of industrial projects. The technical assessment of the project has been underpinned based on the initial screening of the Iranian evaluator team. Initial data belongs to both the Iranian environment protection agency and Iranian industries organization in the screening step of EIA. The findings empirically suggested a model to investigate the economic statement of projects in EIA. The developed model considered an economic framework for equipment and installation costs, materials costs, facilities costs, transportation costs, employee's costs, energy consumption costs, required land and landscaping costs and discussed the methods to figure out the fixed capital wage cost, interest rate, annuity factor, total annual costs, cost of facilities replacement, cost of manufacturing, and annual depreciation costs. It can be concluded that the tabulated data can be extended for any project and in the developed model will be replaced new equations depend on project expansion. But the framework of the table and its connection with the economic equations will remain constant for any industrial & engineering project.
http://www.cas-press.com/article_125166_5cb777788a69a21a9adc402b347038c4.pdf
2021-02-01
1
11
10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.01.01
Economic Assessment
Recycling
Industry
Animal feed
Agricultural waste
EIA
Malek
Hassanpour
malek.hassanpour@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environmental science, UCS, Osmania University, Telangana State, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fullerene (C20) as a potential adsorbent and sensor for the removal and detection of picric acid contaminant: A DFT Study
Picric acid is a nitrophenol environmental contaminant that has adverse effects on the environment and the health of humans. Therefore, its removal and detection are very important. In this respect, infra-red (IR), natural bond orbital (NBO) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) computations were employed for estimating the performance of fullerene (C20) as a sensor and adsorbent for picric acid. The calculated values of adsorption energy, Gibbs free energy changes and enthalpy variations showed picric acid adsorption on the surface of fullerene is experimentally possible, exothermic and spontaneously. In the adsorption process, the specific heat capacity of fullerene increased from 152.495 to 361.224 J/Mol.K but its bandgap declined -39.039% from 7.145 (eV) to 4.356 (eV) that indicated the thermal and electrical conductivity of fullerene enhanced remarkably when picric acid was adsorbed on its surface and this nanostructure is a suitable sensing material for the construction of new thermal and electrochemical sensors. The influence of temperature was also checked out and the results showed picric acid interaction with C20 was more favorable in lower temperatures. The NBO computations showed picric acid interaction with fullerene was chemisorption. The FMO results showed the chemical hardness of picric declined after its interaction with fullerene and picric acid-C20 complexes were more reactive than pure picric acid. The electrophilicity and maximum transferred charge capacity indices demonstrated the tendency of picric acid towards electron decreased after it was adsorbed on the surface of fullerene and picric acid-fullerene complexes were less electrophile than pure picric acid. Other structural parameters were also discussed in detail.
http://www.cas-press.com/article_125170_164fd94b77d52029d42641c7aa3c2772.pdf
2021-02-01
12
19
10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.01.02
Adsorption
Picric acid
fullerene (C20)
Density functional theory
Mohammad Reza
Jalali Sarvestani
rezajalali93@yahoo.com
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pouya
Charehjou
pouyacharehjou1111111@yahoo.com
2
Pazhohehsaraye aknar sarabi.st;shahid montazeri.Tabriz Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Symbiosis of AMF with growth modulation and antioxidant capacity of Caucasian Hackberry (Celtis Caucasica L.) seedlings under drought stress
Beside climate changes, drought stress has become a serious limitated factor for plant production and seedling growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis has proposed to improve the growth and water efficiency under limited-water condition. For this purpose, Caucasian Hackberry (Celtis Caucasica L.) seedlings inoculate with mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae under well-watered and water deficient conditions. The mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings were treated under 75 % FC (as control), 50 and 25 % FC for 90-days. The data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA (SAS 9.2). In order to determine the significance of means, Duncan’s multiple-range test (DMRT) was performed using SAS 9.2 software at P ≤ 0.05. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to assess the distribution of water and AMF treatments across a biplot figure by Past software. As well as, cluster analysis was performed using d3heatmap, dendextend, and gplots packages in R according to the Ward method to classify traits and applied treatments. The Result showed that the plant growth parameters dry shoot weight, leaf area, seedling height, dry root weight, length of root, number of secondary root, and chlorophyll content were greater in mycorrhizal seedlings in comparison with non-inoculated seedlings under normal irrigation and drought treatments. AMF symbiosis decreased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase raised in the host mycorrhiza-inoculated seedlings. The positive correlation was observed between colonization rate and plant growth as well as antioxidant enzymes activity, remarkably. These results suggest that AMF symbiosis is a potential tool to alleviating the detriment created by drought stress on Caucasian Hackberry young seedling by elevating plant growth, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation, raising cell wall stability and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
http://www.cas-press.com/article_125452_4dfc9e0fb2e2084f99efc37ea5f623d0.pdf
2021-02-01
20
35
10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.01.03
Environmental stress
Caucasian Hackberry
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Plant Growth
Antioxidant enzymes
Drought stress
Tooba
Sepahvand
t.sepahvand@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Etemad
vetemad@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Matinizade
mohammadmatinizade@yahoo.com
3
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Anoshirvan
Shirvany
shirvany@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phenological effects on forage quality of Salvia limbata in natural rangelands
Understanding changes in forage quality of Salvia limbata in phenological stage could help environment managers to find out the best grazing time with maximum nutritional quality of forage. Salvia is a genus native to the Mediterranean regions and belongs to Lamiaceae family. This family are known as that has flowering plants which are called mint or sage family. They widely used around the world and the famous genus are basil, menthe, rosemary, sage, savoury, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some species are shrubs, trees or rarely vines. Forage quality of Salvia limbata at three growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and seed production) at different altitudes (1500, 2000, and 2500 m above sea level) has been studied in Taleghan rangeland which is a prohibited hunting area that livestock and wildlife are dependent on its forage. Aerial parts of the plant were sampled with five replications. Then samples were dried and milled. Five forage quality traits, including DMD (Dry matter digestibility), ADF (Acid detergent fibre), ME (Metabolizable energy), CP (Crude protein), and N were measured. Data were analysed in completely randomized design analysis of variance and means were compared by Duncan's test at 1% level. The results indicated that the forage quality of Salvia limbata was affected by phenological stages and altitudes. N (2.5%), CP (15.7%), ME (9.69%), and DMD (68.8%) have been obtained in higher amount in vegetative stage and ADF (55.60%) was achieved in the seed ripening. Due to the high percentage of CP, N, ME, and DMD, the vegetative stage at 2500 m was determined for animals to graze this plant.
http://www.cas-press.com/article_125691_5fe1ffb02bd536f118b0e497a423f9ac.pdf
2021-02-01
36
44
10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.01.04
Salvia
Growth stages
livestock
Taleghan rangeland
Maryam
Saffariha
saffariha@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Rangeland, College of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Azarnivand
hazar@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Rangeland, College of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Zare Chahouki
mazare@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Rangeland, College of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Tavili
atavili@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Rangeland, College of Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Nejad Ebrahimi
s_ebrahimi@sbu.ac.ir
5
Department of Phytochemistry, College of Medicinal plants and drug research institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Daniel
Potter
dpotter@ucdavis.edu
6
Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
AUTHOR